Giorgia Meloni, the Prime Minister of Italy, has been working to play a significant role in the Middle East since taking power in 2022, utilizing her political flexibility. As the leader of the longest government since the war in Italy, she has transformed from a radical politician to one of the influential conservative leaders in Europe.
Changes in Relations with Israel
Meloni has sought to strengthen relations with Israel as one of this country's main supporters in Europe, attempting to put an end to her political past rooted in post-fascist right-wing ideology. While this approach may benefit Meloni, she gradually altered her course in response to increasing public opposition in Italy towards Israel following the Gaza war. According to a survey in 2026, 75 percent of Italians hold a negative view of Israel.
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Diplomacy and Italy's Role in Lebanon
In April 2026, Italy temporarily suspended the renewal of its defense cooperation agreement with Israel, an action taken due to public criticism of Israel's military attacks in Gaza and Lebanon. In August 2026, Meloni met with Joseph Aoun, the President of Lebanon, to discuss the political and military situation in southern Lebanon. This diplomacy reflects Italy's efforts to maintain relations with both sides of the conflict, although this situation also presents challenges for Meloni.
In fact, Meloni is seeking to create a balance between maintaining relations with Israel while also addressing the concerns of Lebanon and Palestine. This approach allows her to present Italy as a valuable diplomatic partner in the region.
Additionally, Italy is looking to strengthen economic ties with Gulf countries. Italy's relationship with Saudi Arabia is highlighted as a cornerstone of the country's regional interactions. In January 2025, Italy and Saudi Arabia upgraded their relations to a strategic partnership and signed agreements worth approximately $10 billion.
Ultimately, Italy's economic and diplomatic activities in the Middle East reflect Meloni's efforts to enhance Italy's influence in a strategic and challenging region. She is well aware that maintaining a balance between diplomatic actions and economic interests will be key to success in this arena.
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