Immigration as a human right is a topic that has gained attention recently, especially with changes in U.S. immigration policies. Recently, the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) arrested about 50,000 migrants in July and August 2026, of whom nearly 80 percent had no criminal history. These changes in immigration policy, particularly compared to the Biden administration's policies, raise serious questions about the moral obligations of governments towards migrants and their rights to enter countries.
Arguments for the Right to Freedom of Movement
Several philosophers, including Kieran Oberman, believe that immigration should be considered a human right. According to them, individuals have the right to migrate to any country where they have essential ties, such as jobs or close family. This view traces back to the theories of philosophers like John Stuart Mill and John Rawls, who emphasize freedom in pursuing one's life plans.
The argument for freedom of movement operates similarly to the right to move within a country. In democratic countries, citizens have the right to move anywhere within the state's borders. This view, particularly regarding international migration, suggests that immigration restrictions can hinder individuals from marrying their loved ones or pursuing their dream jobs.
Ethical and Social Challenges
Philosophers like Sarah Song and Michael Walzer argue that immigration control is essential for determining political autonomy. They believe that without this control, governments cannot act as independent decision-making entities. However, this view faces serious criticism, as national autonomy may prevent individuals from accessing equal opportunities.
Therefore, these arguments lead to challenges in terms of social justice and equality of opportunity. Immigration restrictions can entrench global inequalities and reduce social mobility. This issue not only violates human rights but also exacerbates economic inequalities through the use of violent state tools.
Ultimately, the issue of immigration as a human right not only fuels ethical challenges but also extends to global political and social discussions. In a world where economic and social inequalities persist, the question arises whether governments have the right to control immigration.
